leukemia

What is Leukemia? / Welcome to docOPD – Virtual OPD Clinic

Updated on April 17, 2017      Admin
Leukemia

Leukemia is a type of cancer that objectives the blood. Blood contains diverse types of cells, for example, red platelets, white platelets (WBCs), and platelets. The typical life cycle of these cells (arrangement, development, capacity and demise) is controlled to some degree by the bone marrow. In many occurrences, if the control over WBCs life cycle is aggravated, leukemia is the result. The quantity of WBCs will be higher than other platelets, they will quit biting the dust regularly and they won’t do their capacity in the body, such as battling diseases and recuperating wounds.

Hairy cell leukemia_ 6 questions, answered
Hairy cell leukemia 

WBCs can be framed from various cell ancestries, lymphoid or myeloid. The cell heredity influenced by the malignancy decides the sort of leukemia and the influence can be sudden or “intense” or can create gradually or “constant”. These outcomes in 4 subtypes: intense lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) most regular in kids, intense myelogenous leukemia (AML) – most regular in grown-ups, ceaseless lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) – most a grown-up confusion, ceaseless myelogenous leukemia (CML) most basic in grown-ups.

Leukemia is the most widely recognized tumor in youngsters. In the wake of upsetting the elements of the safe framework, bringing on fevers and diseases, the growth meddles with the creation of other blood cells, bringing about frailty and draining issues. An influenced tyke may look pale, be regularly short of breath and wound and drain effectively and for a drawn out time of time. Leukemia cells can likewise collect in various organs in the body setting off an arrangement of side effects counting cerebral pains, disarray, joint or bone pain,also, excruciating swellings.

Causes of Leukemia

Genetic Factors

Certain genetic mutations can increase the risk of developing leukemia. Conditions such as Down syndrome are linked to a higher incidence of leukemia.

Environmental Factors

Exposure to certain chemicals, such as benzene, and high levels of radiation can increase the risk of leukemia. Smoking is also a known risk factor.

Other Risk Factors

Other factors include previous cancer treatments (like chemotherapy and radiation), certain blood disorders, and a family history of leukemia.

Symptoms of Leukemia

General Symptoms

Common symptoms include fatigue, frequent infections, unexplained weight loss, and easy bruising or bleeding. Swollen lymph nodes, liver, or spleen are also common.

Symptoms Specific to Different Types

Each type of leukemia may present slightly different symptoms. For example, ALL may cause bone and joint pain, while AML can lead to frequent nosebleeds.

Diagnosis of Leukemia

Initial Medical Evaluation

A thorough medical history and physical examination are the first steps. Doctors look for signs like pale skin, swollen lymph nodes, and an enlarged liver or spleen.

Blood Tests

Complete blood counts (CBC) can reveal abnormalities in blood cells, indicating potential leukemia.

Bone Marrow Tests

A bone marrow biopsy or aspiration can confirm a leukemia diagnosis by showing the presence of abnormal cells.

Imaging Tests

CT scans, MRIs, and X-rays can help determine the extent of the disease and its impact on other body parts.

Treatment Options for Leukemia

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It is the most common treatment for leukemia and can be administered orally or intravenously.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to destroy cancer cells. It is often used in combination with chemotherapy.

Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapies focus on specific molecules involved in cancer cell growth. These therapies are particularly effective for CML patients with the Philadelphia chromosome.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy boosts the body’s natural defenses to fight cancer. It includes treatments like CAR-T cell therapy.

Stem Cell Transplant

Stem cell transplants replace damaged bone marrow with healthy cells. This procedure is often considered for patients who do not respond to other treatments.

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Conclusion

Leukemia is a complex and challenging disease, but advances in research and treatment offer hope. Early detection, understanding the disease, and comprehensive treatment plans are crucial for improving outcomes and supporting patients. Education and awareness can help debunk myths and provide better support for those affected.